Ignition Control: Approaches to Avoid Ignition

Objective: to control the possibilities of coincidence between flammable atmosphere and ignition source in the location and time. (TOTAL.SHELL자료 ) 

This posing focuses on the ignition source management and control 

 

Hazards & Risk 

• Flammable fluid release -> Coincidence with Ignition source 
• Fire and Explsion으로 인한 인명, 재산 피해 

ISD:

Minimization of firing equipment. 

Safe distance from HC source to ignition source (naked flame, electrical, non-electrical ignition source) 

Limiting hazardous areas by using pressurization, ventilation, barriers, enclosures, or other suitable measures.

Locating electrical equipment outside of hazardous locations or replacing electrical operators with manual or pneumatic operators. 

 

Passive

Non-explosive apparatus based on area classification (control of spark or hot surface) 

Control of electrical ignition sources: frequent or continuous static source (static electricity, lightning, population etc.)

 

Active 

 

 

Procedure 

• Work permit system to avoid Hot work 
• Limit the vehicles 

 

CCPS Ignition probability 1.4 

Control of ignition source 

• Minimization of Release  => Leak가 아니라 release임 (MI의 조치가 필요함). LEAK -> RELEASE-> Ignition  
  • Suppressing the release with water or foam
  • Using fluid curtains or fogs to contain the spread of a release.
  • Secondary containment to minimization vaporization from a pool (dike) 
  • Leak detection/isolation systems 
• Ignition source management 
  • HAC
  • Work permit systems: minimization of hot work, etc. 
  • Vehicle limits 
  • Control of electrical ignition sources: frequent or continuous static source (static electricity, lightning, etc.)=> Flame, turbine engine과 같은 ignition source는 이미 설치 (spaced)되어 있음. 

 

References

1. CCPS Ignition probability 1.4 
2. Classification of hazardous locations, Cox 
3. IE part 15 
4. API RP 505