Philosophy with Integrity
[Selective Reading] API std 521 External fires 본문
4.4.13.4 General
Annex A 참조
4.4.13.2 Open Pool fires
Fire exposure on equipment - overpressure due to vapor generation and/or fluid expansion.
Open pool fires can affect multiple vessels/piping simultaneously (5.3.2 참조)
1 General
2 Effect of fire on the wetted surface of a vessel
3 Effect of fire on the Unwetted surface of a vessel
4 Fire relief load
5 Fluid to be relieved
4.4.13.2.6 Protective measures, excluding insulation
- General
- Cooling the surface of a vessel with water
- Earth-covered storage
- Limiting fire areas with drainage for diversion walls
- External insulation
- AFC
4.4.13.3 Confined Pool fires
4.4.13.4 Jet fires
- Protection from jet fire exposure is typically addressed through means other than PRDs because failure often
occurs due to localized overheating for which a PRD is ineffective.
- Jet fire characteristics - unpredictable- leak source, direction, flange impingement locations, jet flame length. bigger heat intensity than pool fires.
- Water spray can be adversely impacted by the effect of the jet fire velocity. 물 분무 등의 화재 완화 대책은 제트 화염의 높은 속도로 인해 제대로 효과를 발휘하지 못할 수 있다. 화재에 대비해 설치한 물 분무 시스템이 실제 제트 화염 상황에서는 화염의 강한 속도와 방향성 때문에 물방울이 밀려나거나 증발하여 보호 효과가 떨어질 수 있다는 의미입니다.
- Approach of prevention: leakage 예방. external insulation, depressuring systems, isolation of leaks, equipment and/or flange orientation and minimization and emergency response, EDP